Steel is produced from a combination of iron and carbon, and other alloys such as manganese, chromium, tungsten, etc. are added to it. The properties of a steel depend on its elements. Steel cools quickly if it is in water and oil, which is one of the good properties of steel. Suitable physical properties of steel include high strength, low weight, high durability, flexibility and corrosion resistance. Steels are classified in different categories according to their different properties.
The flexibility of steel is very suitable, which makes it possible to make it into different shapes. Steel is produced in sections such as pipes, bars, sheets, etc. Some of the steels are supplied in sheets, some in tubes, and some in rebars, whose cross-sections are determined according to their properties and applications. Steel like Mo40 is produced at every stage, but the number of these steels is limited.
Unlike iron, steel is resistant to corrosion caused by moisture and water. It has even been seen that after a long time, steel remains unchanged in bad weather conditions. High carbon steels are harder steels and compared to steels that have little carbon, they have good ductility. By coating the steel with zinc, it makes it more resistant to corrosion, and this type of steel is called galvanized steel.
One of the advantages of steel is its recycling with the same physical properties that few other materials have. Steel is used in various industries and applications. Automotive industry, building construction, shipbuilding and even kitchen utensils are among the cases where steel is used frequently.
Due to its cost-effectiveness, strength and properties, steel is widely used in road construction, railway, shipbuilding, automobile and building construction.
In America, 85% of the steels used are soft steels, and the high demand of this type of steel has caused its price to decrease. These alloys are produced from the combination of metallic and non-metallic elements. Hot steels are widely used and popular in Iran. The softest steel is the steel that has the least amount of carbon because carbon increases the hardness of steel. Carbon and other elements prevent iron crystals from shifting and this makes steel harder than iron. A change in the hardening factors causes a change in the properties of steel, which can be referred to as tensile strength, hammerability, etc.
Carbon atoms are placed in the interstices of the iron network, which increases the hardness of the steel. The hardness of steel and its ductility have an inverse relationship. Soft steels are used in electric tools and motors due to their ferromagnetic properties.
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